When it comes to safeguarding your health, few things are as important as preventive care. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections, and certain strains of it are responsible for the majority of cervical cancers. Fortunately, we have powerful tools to fight back: the HPV vaccine and regular Pap smears.

HPV vaccines play a crucial role in cancer prevention, particularly cervical cancer. According to the CDC, the vaccine can prevent over 90% of HPV-related cancers. Despite its proven effectiveness, many people remain unaware of its importance. Starting the vaccination series early—ideally between the ages of 9 and 12—can provide optimal protection, but it’s also beneficial for teens and young adults who haven’t yet been vaccinated. By getting the HPV vaccine, you’re not only protecting yourself but also contributing to a healthier, cancer-free future for everyone.

Clearing Up Misconceptions: Pap Smears vs. Vaginal Exams

Many patients use the terms “Pap smear” and “vaginal exam” interchangeably, but they’re not the same thing. A Pap smear is a specific screening test that detects abnormal cervical cells, which could indicate precancerous changes or cervical cancer. It’s an essential tool for catching issues early, when they’re most treatable.

A vaginal exam, on the other hand, is a broader assessment of the vaginal and pelvic area and doesn’t necessarily include a Pap smear. Both are valuable, but they serve different purposes. That’s why it’s vital to communicate with your provider about your health history and what screenings you need.

Keeping Up with Guidelines

Pap smear guidelines have changed in recent years, so staying informed is key. Depending on your age and health history, you may need testing every three to five years instead of annually. Your provider can help you navigate these recommendations and ensure you’re receiving the best care for your needs.

Who should get the HPV vaccine?

Everyone, regardless of sex, should get vaccinated before they’re exposed to HPV through sexual activity. Remember — the HPV vaccine can only protect you from strains of HPV you haven’t already been exposed to via an infected partner.

The age recommendations from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) for getting the vaccine reflect this rationale.

• Children between ages 11 & 12. The HPV vaccine is part of the vaccination schedule for children between 11 and 12, but children as young as 9 years old can safely receive it. The goal is to vaccinate children before they become sexually active and risk exposure.
• Adults up to and including age 26. The vaccine is also recommended for adults up to age 26. This includes people who started the series as a child, teen or young adult but didn’t finish it.
• Some adults up to and including age 45: In 2018, the Federal Drug Administration (FDA) expanded the age range from 26 to 45. The recommendation was based on research that showed the vaccine prevented HPV infections among adults in this age range, too.

The age limit for getting vaccinated (first 26 and now 45) is based on the thinking that most people have had sex (and potentially been exposed to multiple strains of HPV) by adulthood. If you’ve already been exposed, the vaccine won’t provide much benefit. Related, not all insurance companies cover the costs of the vaccine past ages 26 or 45.

But this doesn’t mean you can’t personally benefit from the vaccine if you’re a middle-aged adult. For example, if you’ve had few or no previous partners, getting vaccinated can potentially protect you from HPV if you’re about to start a sexual relationship.

Everyone’s situation is different. Your healthcare provider can advise you based on your sexual history.

Who shouldn’t get the HPV vaccine?

You shouldn’t get the HPV vaccine if you:

• Are pregnant. There isn’t a lot of research about the vaccine’s safety during pregnancy, so it’s best to get it after having your baby. But if you learn you’re pregnant after getting a shot, don’t worry. The HPV vaccine isn’t associated with pregnancy complications.
• Had a reaction to a previous dose. Tell your healthcare provider if you had a reaction to a previous HPV shot or to the ingredients in it. Inform them of any severe allergies you have, including yeast or latex allergies, which may increase your risk of an allergic reaction.
• Have moderate to severe illness. You may need to wait to get the vaccine until you’re healthy. Ask your provider when it’s safe to get the shot.